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Mint Marks

Indian Monetary System & Mint Marks

East India & British India Coins

East India Company issued coins between 1835 and 1858.

British India coins were issued between 1862 and 1947 by various rulers.

                        William IV                 – 1765 to 1837

                        Queen Victoria        – 1819 to 1875

                        Victoria Empress    – 1876 to 1901

                        Edward VII               – 1841 to 1910

                        George V                  – 1865 to 1936

                        George VI                 – 1895 to 1952

Monetary System
PiesPiceAnnaRupee
11/31/121/192
311/41/64
621/21/32
12411/16
24821/8
481641/4
963281/2
19264161
1 Mohur = 15 Rupees

Mints in India during British rule:

                        Madras mint was established in 1640 and closed on 1869.

                        Mumbai mint was established in 1671.

                        Kolkata mint was established in 1759.

Republic India Coins

            Though we got Independence on 15th August 1947, till India had become Republic on 26th January 1950, coins issued by the British India were under circulation. The Government of India had started minting coins only from 15th August 1950. Hence the coins being issued by Indian Government are referred to as Republic India Coins.

Anna Series was followed up to 1957

            Lowest denomination was 1 Pice.

            4 Pice      = 1 Anna

            16 Annas = 1 Rupee

Decimal Series being followed from 1957 onwards

            100 Paisa = 1 Rupee

Present day mints in India:

PlaceDescriptionMint Mark
MumbaiDiamond     
KolkataNo mint Mark     
HyderabadDiamond Split Vertically (1953 to 1960)     
Incused Dot in Diamond (1960 to 1968)     
Star (1963 to till date)     
NoidaDot     

Indian coins minted in foreign mints:

PlaceDescriptionMint Mark
Taegu Mint, South KoreaStar below 1st digit of date     
Seoul Mint, South KoreaStar below last digit of date     
Royal Mint Ottawa, Canada“C” below date     
Royal Mint London, UKDiamond below 1st digit of date     
Birmingham/Heaton, UK“H” below last digit of date     
Pretoria Mint, South Africa“M” in Oval below date     
Tower Mint, UK“U” below date     
Mexico city Mint, Mexico“O” above “M” below date     
Kremnca Mint, Slovakia“MK” within circle     
Moscow Mint, Russia“MMD” within Oval below date     

TERMINOLOGIES USED IN NUMISMATICS

Normal words used to refer the two sides of a coin – Head and Tail.

In Numismatics, they are called Obverse and Reverse respectively.

Obverse usually contains the portrait of Ruler or the emblem of the Country.

Reverse usually depicts the denomination of the coin, year of issue and mint mark.

Rim is the upraised part of the coin that surrounds the edge of a coin on its both sides.

Edge is the outer border of a coin and different edges are done to avoid forging of coins.

                Types of Edge – Reeded, Plain, Security

Grading can be categorized by grading agencies as follows:

                Poor – least visibility of inscription, illegible and worn

                Fair   – inscriptions are legible but with less fine details   

                Fine  – lot of wear stilldesign and legends are identifiable

                Very Fine – slight damage with design and legends are clear

                Extremely Fine – No damages anywhere with very clear design & legends

Uncirculated (UNC) – Although these coins are minted for circulation, they are not at all used or well preserved.

1. Types of Coins:Issued for general circulation:

Definitive/ Regular coins come in a particular design and the design will be kept for few years.

Commemorative coins will be issued to commemorate certain personalities, events or organizations, etc.

2. Issued only to VIPs and Numismatists:

Uncirculated (UNC) Sets will be issued again to commemorate certain personalities, events or organizations, etc. These are issued at a premium only to those who apply during the prescribed period. These are minted with high quality.

Proof Sets are same as UNC sets but minted with extra high quality.

Refer www.spmcil.com for new issues.